Building blocks
Particles
Electrons, quarks, neutrinos and other particles; mass, charge, spin and quantum numbers.
Open sectionKOINOT · Physics
Physics
A compact map of the physical world: the basic constituents of matter, their properties, the interactions between them, and the laws that connect the microworld with stars and the Universe.
1Building blocks
2Interactions
3Organization
4Open questions
Rules of interaction
Fundamental interactions
Gravity, electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions: what they act on and what structures they create.
Open sectionFrom quarks to matter
Structure of matter
Quarks → nucleons → nuclei → atoms → molecules → macroscopic matter.
Open sectionQuantum organization
Atoms and states
Discrete quantum states explain the organization of atoms and the stability of matter.
Open sectionChemistry from physics
Molecules and bonds
Chemical bonding emerges from electromagnetic interaction and quantum structure.
Open sectionFrontier
Open problems
Unification, quantum gravity, the origin of particle properties, vacuum and the limits of current theories.
Open section