ParticlesPhysics#1
Building Blocks of the World
A small set of basic particles and their properties: electron, u quark, d quark, and neutrino.
KOINOT VISUALS
Initial Illustration Package
The first set of 6 scientific illustrations has been added for the portal. They turn the text structure of KOINOT into a clear visual layer.
At this stage the illustrations use English labels. In the next step they can be localized for all four site languages, partly redrawn as SVG diagrams, and distributed across the relevant thematic pages.
Initial Illustration Package
Six draft illustrations for the first visual layer of the portal.
ForcesPhysics#2
Four Fundamental Interactions
The roles and differences of gravity, electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction.
MatterGuide#3
Building Matter
The sequence from quarks to nuclei, atoms, molecules, and materials.
AstronomyCosmos#4
Building the Cosmos
The chain from gas and dust to stellar systems, galaxies, and the Universe.
ScalesOverview#5
Scales of the World
Characteristic sizes from the microworld to the observable Universe.
ComparisonCTPA#6
Relativistic Collapse
The first comparative diagram: the standard picture and the CTPA interpretation.
More detailed diagrams
KOINOT visual layer: compact diagrams with localized explanations in HTML.
Proton and neutron
Valence-quark content: p = uud and n = udd. The diagram does not represent the full gluon-field dynamics.
Atom and quantum states
The nucleus is surrounded by a quantum electron distribution; allowed states are discrete.
Chemical bonds
Three schematic examples: covalent, ionic, and polar bonding.
States of matter
Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma differ in particle organization and state.
Stellar evolution
After the main sequence, a star’s path depends primarily on its mass.
Origin of the elements
Light elements appear early in cosmic history; many heavier elements are produced in stars and neutron-capture processes.