Scientific knowledge
The scientific picture of the world is not a fixed collection of statements. It is a structured, testable and revisable system for connecting evidence with explanations.
FactsObservations and measurements provide the empirical basis.
Hypotheses and modelsProvisional explanations and simplified representations organize questions and calculations.
TheoriesBroad frameworks connect many results and generate testable consequences.
Testing and uncertaintyScientific claims are evaluated against data while measurement and model uncertainties are tracked.
Scientific changeWell-supported theories can be refined or replaced when new evidence or better explanations require it.